IC card (Integrated Circuit Card, integrated circuit card), also known as smart card (Smart card), smart card (Intelligent card), microcircuit card (Microcircuit card) or microchip card. It embeds a microelectronic chip into a card base conforming to the ISO 7816 standard and makes it into a card form. The communication method between the IC card and the reader can be either contact or non-contact. Because the IC card has the characteristics of small size and easy portability, large storage capacity, high reliability, long service life, strong confidentiality and high security, the concept of IC card was proposed in the early 1970s. In 2008, IC card products were first created, and this technology was applied to industries such as finance, transportation, medical care, and identity certification. It combined microelectronics technology and computer technology to improve the modernization of people's work and life.
The IC card is an integrated circuit card. The IC card chip has the ability to write data and store data, and can judge the content in the IC card memory. The card is encapsulated with a chip that conforms to the ISO standard, and has 6~8 contacts to communicate with external devices. There can be colored patterns and explanatory text on the IC card. According to the ISO standard, some contacts of the IC card and their definitions are : VCC: IC card working power; GND: ground; VPP: memory programming power; CLK: timing and synchronization of related signals; I/O: input and output of serial data in the card; RST: reset signal. When the IC card is inserted into the IC card reader, each contact is connected correspondingly, and the VLSI on the IC card starts to work.